Magnetic Alloys

Magnetic Alloys

Magnetic alloys are alloys engineered to have special magnetic properties.

Permalloy

Permalloy is the term for a nickel iron magnetic alloy. Generically, it refers to an alloy with about 20% iron and 80% nickel content. Permalloy has a high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, near zero magnetostriction, and significant anisotropic magnetoresistance. The low magnetostriction is critical for industrial applications, where variable stresses in thin films would otherwise cause a ruinously large variation in magnetic properties. Permalloy’s electrical resistivity generally varies within the range of 5% depending on the strength and the direction of an applied magnetic field.

Permalloy is used in transformer laminations and magnetic recording head sensors. In its initial application, Permalloy was wrapped around the insulated copper conductors of telecommunication cables, reducing signal distortion through improved inductive compensation of cable capacitive reactance.

The right conditions for transmitting signals through cables without distortion were first worked out mathematically by Oliver Heaviside. After a prolonged search, Permalloy was discovered in 1914 by Gustav Elmen of Bell Laboratories, who found it had higher permeability than silicon steel. Later, in 1923, he found its permeability could be greatly enhanced by heat treatment. Other compositions of Permalloy are available, designated by a numerical prefix denoting the percentage of nickel in the alloy, for example 45 Permalloy containing 45% nickel, and 55% iron. Molybdenum Permalloy is an alloy of 81% nickel, 17% iron and 2% molybdenum. The latter was invented at Bell Labs in 1940. At the time, when used in long distance copper telephone lines, it allowed a tenfold increase in maximum line working speed.

Magnetic alloys

Supermalloy

Supermalloy is an alloy composed of Ni (79%), Mo (5%), and Fe.

It is a magnetically soft material. The resistivity of the alloy is 6 nΩ·cm2/cm. It has a high magnetic permeability and a low coercivity. Supermalloy is used in manufacturing of components of radio engineering, telephony, and telemechanics instruments.

Mu-metal

Mu-metal is a nickel-iron alloy (75% nickel, 15% iron, plus copper and molybdenum) that has very high magnetic permeability. Permeability is represented by μ.

The high permeability makes mu-metal very effective at screening static or low-frequency magnetic fields, which cannot be attenuated by other methods.

Mu metal requires special heat treatment — annealing in hydrogen atmosphere, which reportedly increases the magnetic permeability about 40 times. The annealing alters the material’s crystal structure, aligning the grains and removing some impurities, especially carbon. Mechanical treatment may disrupt the material’s grain alignment, leading to drop of permeability in the affected areas, which can be restored by repeating of the hydrogen annealing step.

Mu-metal is used to shield equipment from magnetic fields. For example:

Vacuum chambers for experiments with low-energy electrons, for example photoelectron spectroscopy
Magnetic resonance imaging equipment
The magnetometers used in magnetoencephalography and magnetocardiography

Photomultipliers

Cathode-ray tubes used in analog oscilloscopes
Superconducting circuits and esp. Josephson junction circuits
Electric power transformers, which are built with mu-metal shells to prevent them from affecting nearby circuitry
Magnetic cartridges, which have a mu-metal case to reduce interference when LPs are played back
Hard Drives, which have mu-metal backings to the magnets found in the drive
Other materials with similar magnetic properties are supermalloy, supermumetal, nilomag, sanbold, Molybdenum Permalloy, Ultraperm, M-1040, etc.

Heusler alloy

A Heusler alloy is a ferromagnetic metal alloy based on a Heusler phase. Heusler phases are intermetallics with particular composition and fcc crystal structure. They are ferromagnetic even though the constituting elements are not as a result of the double-exchange mechanism between neighboring magnetic ions, usually manganese which sit at the body centers in a Heusler alloy. The magnetic moment usually resides almost solely on the manganese atom in these alloys.

The term is named after a German mining engineer and chemist Friedrich Heusler, who studied such an alloy in 1903. It contained two parts copper, one part manganese, and one part tin. The Heusler alloy Cu2MnAl has been the subject of a considerable number of studies and the stoichiometric alloy (i.e. one in which the proportion of elements is exactly as in the formula above) has the following properties. It has a room temperature saturation induction of around 8,000 gauss (Bouchard 1970) which is in excess of that of the element nickel (around 6100 gauss) although less than that of iron (around 21500 gauss). Early studies (Heusler 1903, Knowlton and Clifford 1912, review Bozorth 1951) showed that the magnetic properties varied considerably with heat treatment and composition. Bradley and Rogers (1934) first showed that the room-temperature ferromagnetic phase was a fully ordered structure of the L21 type. This has a primitive cubic lattice of copper atoms which has alternate cells body-centred by manganese and aluminium . The lattice parameter is 5.95 angstrom units. The molten alloy has a solidus temperature around 910oC. As it is cooled below this temperature the fully disordered solid body-centred cubic beta phase forms. Below 750oC a B2 ordered lattice forms (Nesterenko 1969, Bouchard 1970) with a primitive cubic copper lattice body-centred by a disordered manganese aluminium sublattice. Cooling below 610oC causes further ordering of the manganese and aluminium sub-lattice to the L21 form (Bouchard 1970, Ohoyama et al 1968). Studies of off-stoichiometric alloys have been made by West and Lloyd-Thomas (1956), Johnston and Hall (1968) and Bouchard (1970). In general the ordering temperatures decrease for these compositions and the range of temperatures within which the alloy can be annealed without forming microprecipitates becomes small.

Oxley et al (1963) found a value of 357oC for the Curie temperature, below which the alloy becomes ferromagnetic. A variety of investigators using neutron diffraction and other techniques (e.g. Endo et al 1963, Bouchard 1970) have shown that a magnetic moment of around 3.7 bohr magnetons resides almost solely on the manganese atoms. As these atoms are 4.2 Angstrom units apart, it seems likely that the exchange interaction aligning the spins must be indirect through conduction electrons or the aluminium and copper atoms. Theoretical studies of the interaction have been made by Oxley et al (1963) and Geldart and Ganguly (1970).

Electron microscope studies (Nesterenko 1969, Bouchard 1970) have shown that thermal antiphase boundaries (APBs) form during cooling through the ordering temperatures as ordered domains nucleate at different centres within the crystal lattice and are often out of step with each other where they meet. The anti-phase domains grow as the alloy is annealed. There are two types of APB corresponding to the B2 and L21 types of ordering. APBs also form between dislocations if the alloy is deformed. At the APB the manganese atoms will be closer than in the bulk of the alloy and electron microscope studies (Lapworth and Jakubovics 1974) showed that for non-stoichiometric alloys with an excess of copper (e.g. Cu2.2MnAl0.8) an antiferromagnetic layer forms on every thermal APB. These antiferromagnetic layers completely supersede the normal magnetic domain structure and stay with the APBs if they are grown by annealing the alloy. This significantly modifies the magnetic properties of the non-stoichiometric alloy relative to the stoichiometric alloy which has a normal domain structure. Presumably this phenomenon is related to the fact that pure manganese is an antiferromagnet although it is not clear why the effect is not observed in the stoichiometric alloy. Similar effects occur at APBs in the ferromagnetic alloy MnAl at its stoichiometric composition.

In recent time, the importance of Heusler alloys for spintronics has been increasing.

Another useful Heusler alloy is the class of materials known as ferromagnetic shape memory alloys which can change their length by up to 10% on application of a magnetic field. These are generally an alloy of nickel-manganese-gallium.

List of Heusler alloys:

Cu2MnAl, Cu2MnIn, Cu2MnSn,
Ni2MnAl, Ni2MnIn, Ni2MnSn, Ni2MnSb
Co2MnAl, Co2MnSi, Co2MnGa, Co2MnGe
Pd2MnAl, Pd2MnIn, Pd2MnSn, Pd2MnSb

Fernico

Fernico is an alloy of Iron (Fer), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co). The abbreviations form the name which was a trademark. The alloy has the same linear coefficient of expansion of certain types of glass, and thus makes an ideal material for the lead out wires in light bulbs and thermionic valves.

Cunife exhibits a similar property.

Cunife

Cunife is an alloy of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and in some cases cobalt (Co). The alloy has the same linear coefficient of expansion of certain types of glass, and thus makes an ideal material for the lead out wires in light bulbs and thermionic valves. It is magnetic and can be used for making magnets.

Fernico exhibits a similar property.

Cunife 1 consists of 60% Cu, 20% Ni, and 20% Fe.
Cunife 2 consists of 60% Cu, 20% Ni, 2.5% Co, and 17.5% Fe.

Alcomax

Alcomax is a magnetic material consisting of an alloy of iron, nickel, aluminium, cobalt and copper. It is manufactured by traditional foundry casting or sintering techniques and was developed in the 1930s. Its principal applications are for triggering of proximity switches such as reeds and hall sensors. Other applications include, instrumentation, high temperature ‘pot’, holding magnets, horseshoe designs for lifting, entry door locks, NDT, magnetic fluid seals, and ferrous separation including sump plugs.

This material offers the best temperature coefficient (0.02% per degree Celsius) of all permanent magnets, thus making it an ideal choice when a constant field over a wide (-270 °C to +500 °C) temperature range is required.

The high nickel content results in good stability against corrosion and oxidation, this metallic composition is also a good electrical conductor, however being coarse-grained, hard and brittle, they can not be drilled or conventionally machined and should not be used as a structural component.

Alcomax is a low coercive force material and where possible should be magnetised after assembly. Its performance can be easily reduced by poor handling or exposure to other magnetic fields. Again, because of low coercivity to reach optimum performance, rod magnets should have a magnetic length of approximately five times the diameter when used in open circuit applications. For example, a rod magnet of 5 mm diameter should be 25 mm magnetic length.
Because of the cobalt content within the magnet composition Alcomax magnets are not low-cost solutions.

Soft Magnetic Alloys

Soft Magnetic Alloys

Soft magnetic material includes a wide variety of nickel-iron and nickel-cobalt soft magnetic alloys and pure iron for high performance components requiring high initial and maximum permeability coupled with ease of fabrication.

Sophisticated equipment, advanced technology and the expertise developed for producing aeronautical grade alloys are employed for manufacturing, high performance soft magnetic material.

Starting with ultra clean raw materials, special processes and techniques are used for melting and refining this material under controlled atmospheric conditions in the Air Induction Melting, Vacuum Induction Refining and Vacuum Induction Melting furnaces. The final product is manufactured through a combination of forging, hot and cold rolling, wire drawing and heat treatment depending on the customer`s specifications.

Soft Magnetic Alloys

Soft magnetic alloys includes two alloy systems:

Softmag Alloys
Sofcomag Alloy

1. Softmag Alloys

The iron-nickel SOFTMAG alloys exhibit a wide range of magnetic properties in relation to their nickel content. The high nickel alloys have high initial permeability but low saturation, whereas the low nickel alloys are lower in initial permeability but higher in saturation induction. Small amounts of other alloying elements, particularly molybdenum and copper, are added to these alloys and special processing techniques such as annealing in hydrogen are employed in order to develop or accentuate specific characteristics.

Softmag can be broadly classified into six categories:

SOFTMAG 30 Series (30%Ni, Fe rest) – low curie point, temperature compensator alloys. In this type of alloys, by slight compositional variation, the curie point can be brought down to between +40 and +100°C which is mostly used for temperature compensation in magnetic circuit, temperature-sensitive switches and relays.
SOFTMAG 36 Series (36%Ni, Fe rest) – low-permeability, high resistivity alloys. These are two alloys having the same composition but different magnetic properties due to different processing methods.
36A Series is distinguished by the linearity of its magnetic property and finds application in weak fields in the form of laminations.
36B Series is characterized by very high electrical resistivity, good permeability and low electrical loss. This alloy is mostly used in relays and pulse transformers.
SOFTMAG 48 Series (48%Ni, Fe rest) – medium-permeability, high saturation alloys. These are alloys-with similar composition but different magnetic properties.
48A Series is specially heat treated to attain special properties in low fields, for example, to lower the Rayleigh Region coefficient (g/m). This alloy is supplied in finishing heat-treated condition only, in the form of cores and laminations. They are used in telephone equipment and in some measuring devices.
48B Series shows high initial permeability in low fields. It is used for making relays, transformers, solenoids, current transformers, safety plugs for gas applications.
48C Series is a superior version of 48B Series and exhibits very high permeability and low hysteresis loss. It is available in the form of thin strips, cores and laminations. This alloy is used for making electrical components, small sensitive relays, current transformers, differential detectors, transducers, etc.
48D Series is a square loop version of 48B Series produced by adjusting the composition and subsequent rolling and annealing process achieving a high remanence of flux density due to the cube texture. 48D Series alloy is supplied in the form of strips, cores used in magnetic amplifiers, DC-DC transformers, memories, switching devices, etc.
SOFTMAG 53 Series (53%Ni, Fe rest) – high-permeability, medium saturation alloys. 53 Series is a vacuum melted nickel-iron alloy offering a high induction at saturation in conjunction with high permeabilities. It is used only in the form of cores in current transformers, differential detectors, etc.
SOFTMAG 76 Series (76%Ni, Fe rest) – high permeability, low saturation alloys. 76 is an alloy with saturation induction which is higher than that of 78 Series (-8500 G). This alloy has been specially developed for split armature coils of telephones.
SOFTMAG 78 Series (78%Ni, Fe rest) – very high permeability, l ow saturation alloys. This family of alloys shows very high initial and maximum permeability- at low magnetizing forces, low core losses and very good magnetic shielding characteristics. There are six grades of alloys under this series, composed basically of 78% Ni-Fe-Mo and classified according to their permeability characteristics.
78A Series, 78B Series & 78C Series contain small quantities of copper in addition to molybdenum as an alloying element. They are supplied in the form of sheets, strips, cores and laminations.
78D Series & Series 78E are supplied only as tape wound cores in the heat-treated condition to gain optimum magnetic properties higher permeability and reduced losses.
Series 78F is an alloy which exhibits a rectangular hysteresis loop due to special heat treatment. It is obtained from 78D Series heats and is used in the form of cores for magnetic amplifiers, DC transformers, memories, etc.

2. Sofcomag Alloys

The iron-cobalt SOFCOMAG family of alloys are characterized by moderately high permeability and very high saturation induction. While iron-nickel Softmag alloys attain the maximum saturation induction of about 1.5 teslas, the SOFCOMAG alloys can achieve saturation induction values as high as 2.3 teslas. They are also marked by their low electrical resistivity and high hysteresis loss.
SOFCOMAG can be broadly classified into two series:

SOFCOMAG 25 (25% Co, Fe rest)
SOFCOMAG 49 (49% Co, Fe rest)
SOFCOMAG 25 is an alloy which exhibits the highest saturation flux density of all the magnetic alloys. Its high curie point enables its use in areas where the magnetic properties have to remain unimpaired even at high temperatures of about 500°C. This alloy is designed for application in electrical equipment requiring high saturation; induction in high magnetic field as in. electric motor parts of aircraft for which weight is an important consideration. It is also used for magnetic poles of electromagnets.

SOFCOMAG 49A is similar to SOFCOMAG 25 in respect of its high saturation flux density. However, it offers a higher resistivity than SOFCOMAG 25. This yields low eddy current losses at high induction levels. In addition to electric motors for aircraft, SOFCOMAG 49A is also used for its high positive magnetostriction in sonar applications and ultrasonic equipment.

SOFCOMAG 49B is similar to SOFCOMAG 49A but is given special properties due to different processing methods. Hence the hysteresis cycle of this grade is rectangular.

Higher Strength Precision Superior Bonding Whole Laminated Magnet

Segmentation Laminated Magnet Steel Assembly

Laminated Magnet Assembly

Block Laminated Motor Magnets for Eddy Current Loss

N35UH Neodymium Laminated Glued Magnets

Magnetic Halbach Array for Magnetic Water Conditioner

Halbach Array for Magnetic Water Conditioner

Regularly we see a magnetic water conditioner including two magnets with opposite magnetic poles face-to-face cliped together, just simply clip them together onto the water pipes will get a magnetized water resulting from flowing water cutting the magnetic filed. The advantages are low cost and simple operation but the only disadvantage is weak magnetic field due to attraction by those two magnets. When using this device, we have to pay attention that better clip it to the plastic pipes or stainless steel or copper pipes but not on iron pipes.

The magnetic water conditioner with single magnetic pole technology is of higher effecient and bigger room of application. While as we all know it is rather hard to achieve single side magnetism, for all magnets are with two oppisite magnetic poles, so we have to achieve it by some special design and structure. The structure is based on some particular magnetic array to achieve concentration of magnetic force, it will get better penetration in compare with normal two poles magnets. As follows is a Halbach array that will help us to get single side magnetism by concentrating magnetic force on one side. According to actual application, we can range magnets in a line and in a circle.

circle halbach array

bar halbach array

For Bar halbach array and circle halbach array we can findout the magnetic field distribution respectively as follows:

From the above photos we can findout that if we use circle halbach array, 90% magnetic force can be concentrated inside the circle, this will get better water magnetization. The magnetic water conditioner with this technology has much higher efficient and powerful cleaning ability, especially in agriculture, it has much bigger room than regular magnetic water conditioner.

HSMAG is able to make every kind of Halbach Array in straight line or circle forms, welcome your inquiries to sales.

N50M Everlube Coating Neodymium Halbach Array Magnet Assembly

Halbach Array Assemblies

Neo Cylinder Halbach Array Assemblies

19800 Gauss Neodymium Magnetic Water Conditioner Magnet

Permanent Magnetic Water Conditioner

Super Strong Mini Magnetic Water Softening

Synchronous Traction Motor Permanent Magnets

Synchronous Traction Motor Permanent Magnets

Using high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, no carbon brushes, permanent magnet synchronous gearless traction machine can drive efficiency up to 90%. It effectively improves the energy efficiency with energy saving, environmental protection, low speed and high torque characteristics. Gearless traction machine can be dividedinto the inner rotor and outer rotor based on the rotor structure, whilepermanent magnets stick to these rotors.

Synchronous Traction Motor Permanent Magnets

Due to the special work environment of the elevator, it is possibility that magneton the motor will demagnetize after prolonged use, for example:
1. Unqualified rare earth permanent magnet;
2. Unsaturated magnetization;
3. Motor working temperature exceed magnet permitted range;
4. Long oxidation of rare earth permanent magnet;

In orderto avoid the above situation occurs in practice, the elevator magnets needs careful and meticulous design and manufacturing. Magnet design also needs to consider magnet size, magnetic properties and the worst working conditions of motor. It is better that the magnetic properties are higher than the practical requirement. Before installation, rare earth permanent magnets should pass high temperature aging test and saltspray test.

For a long time, elevator manufacturers use bonding process to fix permanent magnets on the rotors. Theoretically, using glue and magnetic force, it could be okay. But In some cases magnets will tear off because of high temperature or other reasons. To reinforce magnet on the rotor and reduce the problems caused by magnet dropping, it can combine screws and adhesive binding by making a countersunk on the basis of simple block or arc magnets.

HSMAG makes quality neodymium magnets for elevator traction motors, welcome your inquiries for our magnets.

Electric Motor Permanent Magnets Ferrite Arc

Disc NdFeB Permanent Magnets Ø90 x 30mm N48

Neodymium Arc Permanent Drive Motor Magnets

High Torque Magnetic Rotor Neodymium Permanent Magnets

Permanent Injection Molded Magnets for Brushless DC Motor

How to Make A Wind Turbine Working Principle

A Wind Turbine Working Principle And How to Make

Today I need to discuss how wind turbine functions. The point has come up a couple of times in discussions I’ve had with other do-it-yourselfers, and the response to that address is shockingly straightforward. Obviously the short reply to the inquiry is that a wind turbine works by catching wind vitality and transforming it into power. From that point, that power is sent by wire to your home, your carport, or your vitality stockpiling framework (generally batteries).

As a general rule however we can go much deeper than that without getting excessively convoluted; it’s about the material science of catching the wind. To blanket the theme well we have to discuss two components. First and foremost we have to blanket how wind vitality is caught. From that point, we have to discuss how that motor vitality is transformed into usable power.

Wind Turbine Working Principle And How to Make

How a Wind Turbine Works – Capturing the Wind

To begin we have to blanket one straightforward thought. A wind turbine catches the forward power of the wind and after that uses that constrain to turn the sharpened pieces of steel. What’s truly happening here is that we’re taking the forward force of the wind, and transforming it into a sideways push to turn the sharpened pieces of steels. The razor-sharp edge configuration of your wind turbine is really what’s dependable from this exchange of vitality. By utilizing a tilted or bent sharpened steel (generally both tilted and bent), the wind is redirected in such a path, to the point that the wind pushes it sideways and thusly turns the edge.

Obviously we likewise need to discuss the tailpiece of your turbine. Without one the sideways drive pushed by the bend of your cutting edges might turn the whole turbine collect instead of simply the sharpened pieces of steels. While the wind pushes sideways on your edges to turn then, it’s likewise streaming straightforwardly permit the tailpiece which keeps the gathering confronting the wind and permits your sharpened pieces of steels to turn openly.

How Wind Turbines Works – Turning Wind Energy into Electricity

When we comprehend the nuts and bolts of how the wind pushes the power to turn the cutting edges, we additionally need to discuss how the power is generated. Behind the sharpened steel get together is a magnet rotor, which is appended to a pole, which thusly is connected to your wind generator. In most private requisitions the wind generator is something as straightforward as a DC engine.

In the event that you comprehend the essentials of power, then you might realize that by turning magnets around a transmitter you handle power. Basically this is the thing that a DC engine is. It comprises strong magnets that can pivot around a conductive focus. As your turbine edges turn in the wind the pole turns your magnets in your DC engine which handles usable power. Basically this is wind turbines work, and in spite of the fact that we’ve just investigated the physical science behind everything, you now have a superior understanding of how to catch the wind to power your home.

Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet

High Grades Generator Wind Turbine NdFeB Magnets

Wind Turbine Magnetic Components

Wind Turbine Generator Magnets

Wind Generator Motor Stator Rotor

Zinc Coated Neodymium Square Wind Power Motor Magnet N42

Wind Turbines VAWTs and HAWTs

Wind Turbines VAWTs and HAWTs

When you talk about modern wind turbines, you’re looking at two primary designs: horizontal-axis and vertical-axis. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are pretty rare. The only one currently in commercial production is the Darrieus turbine, which looks kind of like an egg beater.

Wind Turbines VAWTs and HAWTs

In a VAWT, the shaft is mounted on a vertical axis, perpendicular to the ground. VAWTs are always aligned with the wind, unlike their horizontal-axis counterparts, so there’s no adjustment necessary when the wind direction changes; but a VAWT can’t start moving all by itself– it needs a boost from its electrical system to get started. Instead of a tower, it typically uses guy wires for support, so the rotor elevation is lower. Lower elevation means slower wind due to ground interference, so VAWTs are generally less efficient than HAWTs. On the upside, all equipment is at ground level for easy installation and servicing; but that means a larger footprint for the turbine, which is a big negative in farming areas.

VAWTs may be used for small-scale turbines and for pumping water in rural areas, but all commercially produced, utility-scale wind turbines are horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs).

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)

As implied by the name, the HAWT shaft is mounted horizontally, parallel to the ground. HAWTs need to constantly align themselves with the wind using a yaw-adjustment mechanism. The yaw system typically consists of electric motors and gearboxes that move the entire rotor left or right in small increments. The turbine’s electronic controller reads the position of a wind vane device (either mechanical or electronic) and adjusts the position of the rotor to capture the most wind energy available. HAWTs use a tower to lift the turbine components to an optimum elevation for wind speed (and so the blades can clear the ground) and take up very little ground space since almost all of the components are up to 260 feet (80 meters) in the air.

horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs)

Large HAWT components:
rotor blades – capture wind’s energy and convert it to rotational energy of shaft
shaft – transfers rotational energy into generator
nacelle – casing that holds the gearbox (increases speed of shaft between rotor hub and generator), generator {uses rotational energy of shaft to generate electricity using electromagnetism), electronic control unit (monitors system, shuts down turbine in case of malfunction and controls yaw mechanism), yaw controller (moves rotor to align with direction of wind) and brakes (stop rotation of shaft in case of power overload or system failure).
tower – supports rotor and nacelle and lifts entire setup to higher elevation where blades can safely clear the ground electrical equipment – carries electricity from generator down through tower and controls many safety elements of turbine

(Abstract from How wind-power works)

Neodymium Magnets are Used in Wind Turbines & Generators

The Real Cost Associated With Neodymium Magnet Wind Turbines

High Grades Generator Wind Turbine NdFeB Magnets

NdFeB Segment Wind Power Alternator Magnet

Wind Power Alternators Rectangle Neodymium Grade N48H Magnet

Which Magnets are Used in Commercial Motors?

Which Magnets are Used in Commercial Motors?

Neodymium – one of the so-called rare earth metals – is an important element necessary for producing very strong permanent magnets. With a growing tendency for electrically powered automobiles magnet efficiency has become key to manufacturing high-powered electric motors. However, with China being responsible for 90% of the world’s production of neodymium and its strained economic relationship with Japan, the market situation has been quite unpredictable.

Magnets are Used in Commercial Motors

Up until the early 80s, the strongest magnetic alloy had been samarium and cobalt. The development of neodymium magnets by General Motors provided a stronger, easier to manufacture, and more abundant alternative (in terms of natural deposits). With the current push to “go green” scientists and engineers are constantly concerned with solutions bringing both environmental advantages and convenient horsepower levels. With neodymium, a 1kg permanent magnet is enough for an 80 horsepower engine – decent performance by today’s standards. But with the prices growing tenfold in the wake of political instabilities there are alternatives being worked on.

In an attempt not to make itself dependent on China, Toyota started developing induction electric motors, which do not require permanent magnets – the source of the magnetic field are electromagnets. This solution, while less dependent on rare earth elements, has the serious drawback of requiring electricity to power the electromagnets in order to make the motor operational. This significantly reduces battery life and also makes the device itself bulkier.

With intensive research underway to develop strong permanent magnets (primarily by HSMAG program), there are prospects for a technological switch in the sector of electrically-powered vehicles. But given the current state of technology, we are still very much dependent on neodymium and by extension on the political subtleties of commercial exchange.

Newly-designed Axial Flux BLDC Motor Magnet Laminated Type

N38SH Black Epoxy Plating NdFeB Motor Magnet Radial Ring

Customized Zinc Plating Rare Earth Ndfeb Trapezoid Motor Magnet

Block Neodymium Servo Motor Magnet 38UH

Laminated Type Axial Flux Motor Magnet

Some Permanent Magnets Keep the Entire World Running

Some Permanent Magnets Keep the Entire World Running

Rare earth or perpetual are made from components in the rare earth assembly of the occasional table of the components. While once acknowledged rare, these components have been discovered to be as normal as lead or tin. Be that as it may, their helpfulness in changeless did not get clear until the Rare earth was produced in the 1970-1980s.

Clay/Ferrite magnets are a composite of iron oxide and barium. While these perpetual magnets are low in expense and have a high compel, they are generally low in vitality and in mechanical quality. Ferrite is an iron holding material and was utilized for a considerable length of time before the finding of the properties of rare-earth. Fired/Ferrite remains the most broadly utilized magnets available and is found in electronic inducers, transformers and the electromagnetic instruments of stealth airplanes. Fired are accessible in diverse evaluations and the provision frequently decides the evaluation fitting for utilization.

Some Permanent Magnets that Keep the Entire World Running

Alnico magnets are made utilizing an aluminum, nickel and cobalt composite. They offer great strength at an extensive variety of temperatures. While these oppose stun demagnetization they could be demagnetized effectively. They do offer a high mechanical and temperature security, yet are generally high in expense and a low vitality item. Alnico is regularly found in receivers, electric engines, electric guitar pickups, sensors, and speaker frameworks. Numerous provisions earlier utilizing Alnico have now swapped the magnets with fired or rare-earth.

Samarium Cobalt gives a higher attractive quality and temperature safety than either alnico or artistic magnets. Samarium cobalt magnets oppose temperatures up to 300 degrees C. They are to some degree weak and have low mechanical quality, however, they are a high vitality item. Search for Samarium Cobalt magnets in the high-end electric engines utilized for opening auto dashing and in addition to turbo hardware and voyaging wave tubes. They are additionally compelling for utilization in cryogenic provisions because of their wide temperature steadiness.

Neodymium Iron Boron magnets are much like samarium cobalt magnets yet might be oxidized all the more effortlessly. Because of the way that these magnets can without much of a stretch be consumed, producers frequently utilize a surface covering to counteract oxidation. They are additionally high-cost magnets however offer a reduced configuration. They don’t offer the mechanical quality of the other three sorts. These magnets offer high vitality processing and are found in mouthpieces, in-ear earphones and uproarious speakers and in addition guitar and bass pick-ups. These magnets are additionally usually utilized within workstation hard drives. Some Permanent Magnets

Magnets are fundamental for utilization in hard drive memories to give required information stockpiling. Without magnets, recording of music might be a great deal more troublesome. Changeless magnets are vital to the processing of efficient power vitality and numerous different employments. Some Permanent Magnets

Rod Micro Samarium Cobalt Magnets

Samarium Cobalt Ring Miniature Magnets

Samarium Cobalt Magnet Features

Encased Alnico Magnets with Unthreaded Hole

AlNiCo Multi Pole Rotor Magnet

6-Poles Cast AlNiCo Multi-pole Rotor Magnet

Cylinder Tube Mini Micro Precision SmCo Magnets

Cylinder Tube SmCo Micro Precision Magnets, Mini Micro Rare Earth SmCo Ring Magnets, Sintering Samarium Cobalt Miniature Ring Magnets, Precise Micro Mini Magnet, Ring Micro Tiny Permanent Magnets Cylinder Tube SmCo Micro Precision Magnets Parameter Material Sm2Co17 / Sm1Co5 Dimension D 3mm x d 1.6mm x 0.3mm +/-0.0025mm Coating uncoated Magnetized Diametrically Axially Min. order quantity: 10,000pcs

 Five Advantages Of Products high machanical strength adjustablr magnetic properties dimensional precision elastic magnetization composite molding Our micro magnets for cylinders with tiny hole or without hole are appreciated by our customers for their quality and regularity. Mini Micro Rare Earth SmCo Ring Magnets The machines we use allow us to work both with a static shaping process and with a continuous flow technique according to the sizes required. Our working tools are diamond grinding wheel of different types and grain according to the piece and to the work to carry out, and the roughness of the surfaces are comprised between Ra of 0.2μ and 0.5μ. We specialize in thin-walled and slot-opening miniature ring magnet through laser incising, drilling and processing SmCo material. Serial products of SmCo ring magnets, precious stone bearings, etc. are widely applied in fields of miniature motor, optical communication, instrument and meter, watch, electro acoustic, etc. Applications of Samarium Cobalt Magnets Computer disc drives Sensors Traveling wave tubes Linear actuators Satellite systems Motors where temporary stability is vital

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